Police Officer Sophmore Project Essay Example for Free

Cop Sophmore Project Essay Presentation The name of my activity is cops. Cop are relegated to a zone to uphold laws, manage traffic, control swarms, forestall wrongdoing , and capture violators. They fall under the Protective Service group. I have picked this vocation since I generally needed to find out about it. I hope to figure out how long they work a day and how long of school do you have to turn into a police. What they Do My activity will give open wellbeing by keeping up request by reacting to crises call, securing individuals and property and advancing a decent network relations. My obligation will be to screen, note, report, and examine dubious individual and circumstance. My duties are to distinguish, persue, and capture suspects and culprits of criminal act. Training and Common College Majors To turn into a cop you in any event need a partner degree or go train in a professional school. Your majors in school should be Criminal Justice/Police Science. It centers around the obligations of cops and open security officials on how they control wrongdoing, and on examination exercises. Wages and Outlook Its Average yearly compensation in California was $78,700 with the vast majority making somewhere in the range of $51,550 and $110,550. In 2008 this occupation utilized around 72,200 individuals in California. Its expectation in 2018 that there will be 77,400 utilized. Things they Need to Know You should information its gear , approaches, methods, and techniques to advance compelling neighborhood, state, or national security tasks for the insurance of the individuals. Too: Law and Government Brain research Client and Personal Service Comparative Occupation A comparative occupation is a sheriff. They watch explicit regions to identify law violators and make capture. Watch and watchman town halls, fantastic jury rooms, or are appointed to a territory to give security, uphold laws, and to look after request. In Addition I discovered that there will have 520 openings for individuals who need to be a Police Officer and 1,870 of substitution so altogether their will be 2,390 opening spots. I will reveal to them that this activity is great and that individuals who work in this occupation by and large prize accomplishments. End I discover that there are 72,200 cops working in California and continuously 2018 their will be 77,400 cops. Truly I do think this is a decent vocation for me since I will get great cash and I will like what I’m doing. I will jump at the chance to know their advantages just on the off chance that anything occurs.

The Phosphate In The Moroccan Industry Economics Essay

The Phosphate In The Moroccan Industry Economics Essay The assets of Moroccan economy dependent on agribusiness, phosphate, and the travel industry, and furthermore deals of fish and see food assumes a significant job in economy of Morocco. Industry and mining contribute around 33% of the yearly GDP total national output which implies all incomes gaining by a nation over the most recent a year time span. As you most likely are aware in the overall Morocco is the universes second or third-biggest maker of phosphates after United States and China. In this task I will clarify and center about the phosphate and the significant job of phosphate in the economy of Morocco, since phosphate mining in Morocco is answerable for the greater part of the countries salary, which significant for developing and building up the economy of morocco. The phosphate business in Morocco As you most likely are aware Morocco is probably the biggest nation of creating and sending out the phosphate in the around the world. Morocco phosphate is maybe the most significant mineral in the nation, having differing utilizations. The creation of phosphate in Morocco is completed in the four mining habitats in the nation, in particular Youssoufia, Boucraa, Khouribga and Benguerir. The mines in Khouribga works based on the Oulad Abdoun store of phosphates, found around 140 kilometers south-east of Casablanca. The extraction capability of this mine is around 17-18 million tons every year. The phosphate metal separated from this mine structures the premise of trading them in outside grounds. Besides, the metals likewise offer significant help to the new concoction industry situated in Jorf Lasfar The creation of Morocco phosphate is claimed and constrained by OCP, the state-possessed organization, the OCP bunch which represents (office chã ©rifien des phosphates): this gathering works on the five landmasses. Its conventional opening on the universal scene since its creation in 1920 normally asks it to for all time create modification, adaptability and expectation limits in order to satisfactorily meet clients progressively severe necessities in an extremely serious market(1). The OCP bunch is one of the biggest endeavor in the realm and furthermore utilizes over 2% of populace who work in the gathering OCP which help to diminish the joblessness in Morocco, in light of the fact that the joblessness influence the economy of the nation and the OCP bunch which claimed by the administration they have greater obligation of utilizing as much as possible to help the diminishing of joblessness, and furthermore this gathering help the representatives to do preparing with the improvement of the innovation. Morocco houses roughly 2/3 of the universes phosphate saves, placing it in a higher group than significant contenders China, Russia, and the United States, and this table will give you more insights regarding the save of phosphate in Morocco and different nations which creating the phosphate: Of the four significant makers, Moroccan stores represent around half of the world aggregate. With Phosphate utilization development assessed at 1-2% every year, worldwide phosphate holds reach out, for All plans and purposes well into the future, for quite a long time. In the interim, exhaustion of the most monetarily exploitable stores can be assessed to happen inside a time of 100-130 years. (2) Morocco takes measures to cut phosphate costs in the third of June 2008 on the grounds that the general chief of OCP Mr. Mostafa Terrab declared on Monday (June second). Utilizing an expected $4m in speculation, Morocco intends to expand phosphate creation from 30 to 55 million tons for each year. Terrab said the measure is required to bring phosphate costs down from the current $300 per ton to $100. Morocco possesses an expected 50 to 71% of the universes phosphate holds. As you notice from this diagram in 2001 Morocco is the second huge nation of creating phosphate rock on the planet after United State, and Morocco produce more than 20.000 tons every year. This is the reason phosphate helps the expansion of GDP in Moroccan economy consistently, and furthermore this huge gigantic amount of creation the phosphate in Morocco can place the Morocco as the popular nation on the planet and to pull in numerous nations to arrive at their market particularly those that not have any business relationship in the phosphate business with Morocco. The secretary-general of Moroccos Finance Ministry Abdeltif Loudyi said in a meeting on April 7, 2009 in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. Morocco will open an uncommon zone for the phosphate business and wants to draw in 50 billion dirhams ($6 billion) of speculations and furthermore said The North African nation will most likely hold a universal delicate to pull in financial specialists this year, and construct a funnel to ship the phosphate more cheaply.(3) At the point when Morocco send out phosphate to different nations particularly to one which excessively far from Morocco can cost an enormous measure of cash in transportation, as indicated by this difficult Morocco need to utilize a specific technique to lessen the expense of transportation and this is the reason Abdeltit Loudyi went to Sudan to talk about this monetary issue of phosphate with the pastor of Sudan. Moroccan phosphate influences monetary issues The phosphate business effectively adds to the countrys monetary turn of events; by its quality in five topographical territories in Morocco, for example, El Jadida, Safi, and Khouribga㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ and the phosphate make riches, give employments, offer preparing, get supplies from and have sub-contracts with an enormous and celebrated system of national organizations and contributes in the formation of organizations. And furthermore it is quick to guarantee the prosperity of its workers, work together with colleges and bolster philanthropic, sport which OCP bunch is sponsorship with a great deal of football crews in Morocco and furthermore help social activities. The most significant mechanical fares are crude phosphates What's more, prepared items, including phosphoric corrosive and composts, however Morocco additionally trades materials, attire, and shoes. In spite of the fact that Morocco is the universes biggest exporter of crude and prepared phosphates, the phosphates area generally contributes just 3 percent to the GDP (4), which helps the economy of Morocco to development consistently. The new understanding includes a mechanical measurement, with the organizations wanting to dispatch a joint practicality concentrate into a modern site to deliver uranium from phosphoric corrosive. Also, this understanding is marked among Morocco and French this arrangement its essential to build up the economy of Morocco, this understanding which the leader of French Nicolas Sarkozy visit Morocco with the reason to build up the collaboration and research activities in the field of normal uranium between the OCP gathering and other French organizations in a similar area. As per the last insights which propelled in the papers the fares of Moroccan phosphate expanded by 7.3% in 2002, because of the Expansion of conveyances to India, and the 8% ascend in buys by the United States.(5) This increment helps the improvement of Moroccan economy particularly in the mineral business which increments by 5% this year. As you notice from the table there is a change somewhere in the range of 1989 and 1999 in sending out of phosphate in Morocco to those nations, there is a very abatement of trading in US by 40%, which can influence the economy of Morocco in a negative manner. Be that as it may, there is a gigantic increment of trading in Poland by 92% its too close to even consider doubling, this builds help the improvement of the economy of Morocco in a positive manner. The OCP bunch propelled in the news Morocco fares of manures dropped by 6.2%, and furthermore its fares of phosphoric corrosive expanded by 6.2% and those by a phosphate rock by 13.2% its an enormous expanding, and fares recorded an expansion of 8.3%, each one of those increments affirms Moroccos position as the world driving exporter of phosphate under all structure, with a piece of the pie that moved from 28.2% in 2004 to 30.7% in 2005.(6) Just somewhere in the range of 2004 and 2005 Morocco the fares of a wide range of phosphate increment by 2.5% which useful for the economy of Morocco, this likewise brought about a record turnover, as it rose to 2.055 billion dollars, an increment of 17.8% contrasted and the last measurement of 2004, and furthermore a colossal increment of 49.34% contrasted with 2003. This expansion of Moroccan turnover can change the economy to develop logically later on. The effect of Moroccan phosphate in the earth As you most likely are aware the produce of phosphates can impact the earth of Morocco in a negative manner, which implies the OCP bunch when they delivers any sorts of phosphate can influence the earth and increment the level of contamination in Moroccan culture over the ocean or the air. The primary territories of creating phosphates by OCP bunch are Jorf Lasfar and Safi, on the Moroccan Atlantic coastline; there are substance industry plants that produce phosphate derivates including phosphoric corrosive and composts, along with side-effects, for example, sulphuric corrosive. The fluid effluents of the plants are released legitimately into the ocean. So as to assess their effect, we have analyzed the dissemination of intertidal full scale benthos in a few areas, along industry contamination. The outcomes show how organic assorted variety and species densities decline unexpectedly in the region of these modern effluents, and furthermore how recuperation, as estimated by similar parameters, continues with good ways from the release points.(7) Yet, the OCP bunch makes reference to in the yearly report in 2005, which the gathering needs to have a decent turn of events and the usage of the first OCP bunch natural strategy just as the setting-up of the quality-wellbeing condition sanction on July 20 around the same time 2005, as indicated by this incredible activity the gathering invests in contribute further towards improved network conditions life in Morocco. Morocco intend to build up the creation of phosphate In 2009 Morocco particularly OCP bunch propelled another arrangement to build up the creation of phosphate or to help the phosphate business by buying or utilizing new materials and utilizing

Blog Archive mbaMission Is Proud to Present Free B-School Program Primers!

Blog Archive mbaMission Is Proud to Present Free B-School Program Primers! Are you applying to an MBA program outside of the Top 15? Are you looking for a resource that breaks down the major takeaways and defining characteristics of your target schools, while providing a glimpse of what life is really like for students? If so, look no further! Inspired by our acclaimed Insider’s Guides, we created our new Program Primers to provide a more comprehensive picture of the resources, environments, activities, and communities at each school, so you can choose the program that is truly best for you. Each primer provides a snapshot of your target program, including the following details: A brief history Program rankings Class details Employment requirements Curriculum basics Pedagogy Academic specializations Facilities Student clubs Conferences Our Program Primers (10 individual school titles!) are available to download, and they are completely free. Take the first step toward learning more about your target program by downloading your free mbaMission Program Primers today! Share ThisTweet Business School News

Women During The Vietnam War - 1294 Words

Women were a heavy presence in the Vietnam war. While 1/3 of the men in the Vietnam were drafted; most of the women volunteered. Many women wanted to escape having to settle down and get married and some had something to prove to their families. While others just wanted to help their country. 90% of the women were nurses, but they were also air traffic controllers, physicians, intelligence officers, clerks, among the positons. In the 1960’s, American women took a role and supported their country in many different ways. American women held many different purposes in the Vietnam War. Those who volunteered were in their early 20s to their late 40s. The draft was only required for men, so women who involved themselves in Vietnam did by choice.†¦show more content†¦She died instantly from shrapnel wounds to her chest. Years later in her honor on November 11, 1969 the Fitzsimons Hospital renamed their recovery room, The Lane Recovery Suite. (First Lieutenant Sharon Anne Lane) One woman said that she volunteered for the Vietnam War, to be able to live in a free county. This woman was Elizabeth Allen a psychiatric nurse who already had a brother serving in the war. Allen turned down potential career opportunities in the medical profession to support her brother and other men like him. Captain Allen was one of the nurses who requested frontline duty, per her request she was then assigned to the remote 12th Evac Hospital at Cu Chi. Her main duties were taking care of the Americans as well as Vietnamese women, children and fallen soldiers. After serving in Vietnam for a year, she served in the reserves for 14 years. Governor James Blanchard then appointed her to work with the Michigan Agent Orange Commission. Allen’s assignment was to care for the African American women who were dealing with post-dramatic stress and exposure to Agent Orange. (History.com) Figure 2: Elizabeth Allen pictured during the 1960’s. My War - Elizabeth A. Allen. HistoryNet. Web. 28 Apr. 2017. When interviewing Bill Clark, a former Vietnam soldier, he spoke about Martha Raye. Entertainers held a significant role in Vietnam. Raye was an entertainer who worked alongside the men and traveled on post with other soldiers for about four months. ClarkShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Vietnam War2754 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Æ' Vietnamese women were very active during the Vietnam War between 1950 and 1974. Through the Vietnam War, women were able to get motivation and ideas to spark gender equality. Before, Vietnamese women were treated like second-class citizens to Vietnamese men due to a number of reasons, such as old Confucian traditions and oppressive husbands. These women did not question this way of life because of the deep rooted traditions of gender roles. During the Vietnam War, Vietnamese women went throughRead MoreRoles Of Women During The Vietnam War1291 Words   |  6 PagesThe roles of women and men in the Vietnam War varied greatly due the stereotypical characterizations of society. While women were not included in the draft, protected from its brutality and tragedies, men were forced from their homes, enlisted in the army. In O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, women are portrayed as apathetic towards Vietnam soldiers. They are the homebound sex, too fragile and moral to be awa re of the world outside their own, and unable to empathize with the emotional baggage thatRead MoreWere Women a Help or Bother During the Vietnam War?1212 Words   |  5 PagesAre women capable of handling battles and all its components? Of course because all throughout history women have made significant contributions to America, especially the Vietnam War. The United States has been slower to include women in its military planning and actions. Men believed in saving the United States from communism, and many women believed they could make a difference in the battle. Women, military as well as civilian, volunteered to go to Vietnam for a variety of reasons, as they wantedRead MoreThe Vietnam War, American Men And Women Soldiers1368 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Vietnam War, American men and women soldiers, the majority of whom had volunteered, were sent to a place where nothing was accommodating. Not even the soldier’s issued equipment was adequate or accommodating. They were not emotionally, psychologically, or materially equipped for what they would encounter in Vietnam, or upon their return to a place where they should have been safe; home. The Vietnam environment was nasty, brutish, and dehumanizing on the soldiers. Young men and women, mostlyRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1534 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War began November 1st, 1955 and ended April 30th, 1975. It was a long costly war that involved North Vietnam and their Southern allies, known as Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its main ally the United States. This war was very unpopular at home and would end with the withdrawal of the United States and the unification of Vietnam under communist control. Many think of war as something that just men are involved in but very rarely do people think of the role of women in the warRead MoreWomen During The War : The Silent Heroes1676 Words   |  7 Pages Women in the war: the silent heroes When the war broke out many men were deployed to fight but, without the help of women many of the men would have never survived. Between 4,000 and 15,000 women were sent to Vietnam for various reasons. Approximately 90% of the women were nurses. Though most of the women were nurses a select few were there in all military branches. Even though these women were in the specific branches they never fought on the frontline. The WAC, Women s Army CooperationRead MoreInfluence of the Media in the Anti-War Movement of the 60s and 70s1600 Words   |  7 PagesDuring his testimony to the Senate Committee of Foreign Relations, John Kerry mentioned that in his opinion, â€Å"there is nothing in South Vietnam which could have happened that realistically threatens the United States of America.† In that same testimony, Kerry discussed that most people â€Å"did not even know the difference between communism and democracy. They only wanted to work in rice paddies without helicopter s strafing them and bombs with napalm burning their villages and tearing their country apartRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesabout Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of setting, conflict, and characterization in this Vietnam set historical novel. Tim O Brien recreated the setting of the Vietnam War through the descriptionRead MoreThe Vietnam War ( 1955-1975 )1575 Words   |  7 PagesThis investigation focuses on the Vietnam War (1955-1975), and will explore the question: â€Å"To what extent did role of Vietnamese women in society change after the Vietnam War?† The investigation will focus on the years 1945-1987, to analyze their role prior to the war, as well as after. The first source to be evaluated is The Position of Women in Vietnam, written by Richard J. Coughlin in 1950. The origin of this source is valuable because it was written during the time period that this investigationRead MoreThe Vietnam Womens Memorial Foundation Essay583 Words   |  3 Pages There is little official data on female Vietnam War veterans, because the military mostly favored recording the achievements of men in the army. The Vietnam Womens Memorial Foundation estimate that approximately 11,000 women were stationed in Vietnam from 1962 to 1973. Only about ten percent of women served as soldiers. The ones who did were normally treated as second class soldiers; their role was perceived only as a helpmate instead of a soldier, and they were often put in dangerous situations

Comparative Analysis of the Autobiography of Malcolm X - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2197 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/25 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Autobiography Essay Malcolm X Essay Did you like this example? Malcolm X is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of the civil rights era during the 1950s and 60s. His controversial views challenged the mainstream civil rights movement as he opposed integration as championed by MLK and urged his followers to challenge white aggression by any means necessary. His positive impact, however, cannot be ignored as he raised the self-esteem of black Americans, reconnected them with their African heritage and spread Islamic faith throughout black communities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparative Analysis of the Autobiography of Malcolm X" essay for you Create order In the years prior to his assassination, Malcolm X shared his life story to prominent African American author Alex Haley. His journey from Omaha, Nebraska to Boston, Harlem and eventually Mecca is outlined in Haleys Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965). In this essay, I will explore Malcolm Xs autobiography as it is applied to other theoretical models regarding race†namely, W.E.B Duboiss concept of Double Consciousness from his collection of essays Souls of Black Folks (1903) and Omi and Winants theory on Racial Formation from their book Racial Formation in the United States (1986). More specifically, Xs failure to parallel womans rights with black Americans rights necessitates a modern extension to incorporate all minority groups in Duboiss model of Double Consciousness†thus further understanding Black Americans identity struggle. Additionally, Xs description of black oppression at the hands of white America illuminates the absence of white dominated racial oppression a nd a racial hierarchy in Omi and Winants racial formation theory. In extending Duboiss model and adding critical discussion to Omi and Winants theory, can one to better understand the struggle of minority groups in America. I will first explore Xs views towards women in my application of his autobiography to Duboiss double consciousness. Throughout his Autobiography, Malcolm Xs apparent sexist and stereotypical attitude towards women undermines his legitimacy as a civil rights leader as he fails to parallel womans rights to black Americans rights. In the beginning of his autobiography, Xs gender confirming stereotypes towards his parents are viewed. When describing, X comments on his masculine traits of bigness, toughness and strength. He goes on to claim he admires his fathers occupation as a preacher and nationalist. Whereas, when describing his mother, Malcolm X states: My mother at this time seemed to be always working cooking, washing, ironing, cleaning, and fussing over us eight children (86) In these descriptions, Xs views are the traditionally binary image of a mother who cooks and an admirable, masculine father. X further solidifies these binary roles by justifying his fathers physical a buse. In response to his mothers abuse at the hands of his father, X says, An educated woman, I suppose, cant resist the temptation to correct an uneducated man (82). In Xs eyes, his mother education is a threat to a mans sense of manhood and her talking-back permits abuse. By justifying his fathers abuse, X subconsciously contradicts his entire argument about the injustice by white society. He fails to see how his own fathers physical abuse is as detrimental to black society as white Americas continual hatred and discrimination. Another instance of Xs failure to juxtapose womens rights with black Americans rights is his description of his relationship with Laura and the cause for her societal downfall. X initially describes his girlfriend Laura as bright and having a promising future, but goes on to clarify that after their relationship she became an alcoholic, drug addict, and prostitute. The startling fact regarding their relationship comes in Xs inclination that she had sub surface potential (148) to become a prostitute and he wished had known then [what] to look for in Lauras face (148) before dating her. In these descriptions, X comments that Laura, who initially had a promising future, had some internal tendency to become a prostitute and alcoholic. X completely overlooks the societal and economic pressures that women in deprived communities face which causes them to turn to prostitution. Ironically, a majority of the novel is spent analyzing Xs social and economic reasons as to why black men are forced to hustle, pimp and engage in criminal activities but he fails to do the same for women in a similar predicament. This description of Lauras downfall in the autobiography seems to be that racism of the dominating white society turns the black American man into a life of crime, but some internal tendency turns the black American women into prostitution. Xs validation towards his mothers abuse and incorrect implications of Lauras future demonstrate t hat civil rights of minority groups, in Malcolm Xs journey, must be extended to include women. In understanding Xs failure to parallel black rights to womens rights, can a modern extension to Duboiss double consciousness to include other minority and discriminated-against groups be investigated. This extension better allows a critical understanding of the plight of minority groups as they struggle with self-identification in America. The concept of Double Consciousness is first introduced in civil rights activist W.E.B Duboiss collection of essays, Souls of Black Folk (1903). To Dubois, Double consciousness represents the sensation of twoness felt by black Americans as they struggle with their black identity and their identity as seen by the white American majority. From my previous discussion on Xs neglect for woman rights, one can see that Duboiss theory of Double Consciousness can be extended to analyze the identity of women living in a patriarchal society. Like Black Americans oppression at the hands of a white majority, women are oppressed at the hands of a patriarchal society. In his autobiography, Xs mother is oppressed by a patriarchal society where domestic violence is permitted. Additionally, X fails to identify the societal pressures that cause his girlfriend, Laura, to turn to prostitution, yet clearly provides an analysis to why he was forced to hustle in Boston and New York. Xs failure to incorporate a third identity overlooks. In fact, some recent social analysts have extended double consciousness to not only a third identity, but multiple identities to apply to all minority groups. Some examples in recent events could be the immigrant asylum seeker at the US Southern border or transgender students requesting access to gender inclusive school facilities. This multi-consciousness accurately portrays the self-image difficulties of all minority groups in America and a better understanding of race relations can occur. In a similar fashion to my analysis of double consciousness, I will first examine the impact of white oppression and racial hierarchy in Malcolm Xs autobiography, then apply these instances to justify their inclusion in Omi and Winants Racial Formation Theory. In the beginning of his autobiography, X describes the unfortunate predicament of Black Americans: Back when I was growing up, the successful Lansing Negroes were such as waiters and bootblacks. To be a janitor at some downtown store was to be highly respected (8). In Xs community, janitors and waters were considered elite and respected occupations, even though they made minimal wages. This quote comments on a racial hierarchy present in the black community, with the black elite as janitors and the less elite as waters. In a larger scheme, it demonstrates that black Americans were at the bottom of a racial hierarchy. As with be further explored, we soon find out who is at the top. As the autobiography progresses, X describ es his primary school years. In his descriptions, X states that he is vastly more intelligent than his fellow white peers yet, when consulting with his white History teacher about his aspirations to become a lawyer, his teacher responds: A lawyer†thats no realistic goal for a nigger. You need to think about something you can be. Youre good with your hands †making things. Everybody admires your carpentry shop work. Why dont you plan on carpentry? (38). Here, Xs white history teacher dissuades X from pursuing a higher education because of his race and encourages him to instead pursue a more realistic goal as a carpenter. This further exemplifies that black Americans fit into the bottom of the racial hierarchy as carpenters and not at the top as lawyers. Furthermore, this message in coming from his white teacher, represents a larger picture where white authoritative figures (and in general white America) oppress black Americans. A similar instance regarding white America s oppression and evidence for a racial hierarchy is apparent in Xs predicament of taking shelter in a Harlem nightclub: In one sense, we were huddled in there, bonded together in seeking security and warmth and comfort from each other, and we didnt know it. All of us†who might have probed space, or cured cancer, or built industries†were, instead, black victims of the white mans American social system. (93) In this quote X is indirectly referring to his acquaintances such as Sammy the Pimp, whose considerable business skills might have helped him build industries instead of a pimping empire. Similarly, his other acquaintance West Indian Archies could have used his photographic memory and quick math skills to probe space or cure cancer and not in gambling rackets. X concludes with the fact that they are victims of the white mans American social system. This quote explores the racial hierarchy of America as Black Americans are forced to take shelter in a nightclub against the difficult conditions of a Harlem ghetto and could not escape these difficult conditions as they were victims of the white mans social system. Once again, X and his friends are at the bottom of Americas racial hierarchy as they seek shelter in a ghetto and are limited in their prospects of achieving a better life because of the white mans American social system. In a critical analysis of race relations in America, the topic of a racial hierarchy and racial oppression at the hands of white America is an important subject to explore, yet is blatantly absent from widely received Racial Formation Theory. The additional topics of white Americas systematic oppression and racial hierarchy, as outlined in Malcom Xs autobiography, need be included in Omi and Winants Racial Formation Theory to accurately describe racial history and race relations in America. To briefly summarize, Racial Formation Theory was first introduced by Professors of Sociology Michael Omi at UC Berkeley and Howard Winant at UC Santa Barbara. Omi and Winant coauthored Racial Formation Theory in the United States (1986) as a means of dissect and understand racial categories and racial projects throughout America. One pitfall of their theory is that they never address and completely leave out the importance of white Americans, European Americans and white elites in their systematic oppression. They only rarely use the term whites. In their only discussion on the white race, Omi and Winant state: We expect people to act out their apparent racial identities; indeed, we become disoriented when they do not. The black banker harassed by police while walking in casual clothes through his own well-off neighborhood, the Latino or white kid rapping in perfect Afro patois, the unending faux pas committed by whites who assume that the non-white colleagues are less qualified persons hired to fulfill affirmative action guidelines. (59) In another conversation about the white race, Omi and Winant state Whites tend to locate racism in color consciousness and find its absence color-blindness (70). In these very brief discussions, they only address micro-level questions about racial identity and white racial views, but completely leave out white Americas role in perpetuating racial oppression. This counters Xs claim that he was dissuaded from become a lawyer by his white teacher. And also counters the fact that X and his acquaintances were forced to take shelter in a nightclub and not escape the difficult conditions of Harlems ghettos due to white America. Another important topic that is never mentioned in Omi and Winants discussion of racial projects and racial oppression is the racial hierarchy in America. In fact, throughout their entire description of racial formation theory they only use the term hierarchy once and fail to further develop this idea. However, this concept is readily apparent in Xs autobiography in his description of the respected and successful occupations of Lansing Negros. X also refers to a racial hierarchy when he describes potential futures of his acquaintances in Harlem that are shut down at the hands of white America. The idea of a racial hierarchy†with the white man at the top and the black man at the bottom†need be included in an accurate discussion of Racial Formation Theory. Only then can Omi and Winant conceptualize the Black Americans struggle. Without the additional of these two subjects, Racial Formation Theory fails to describe white Americans role in a perpetuating a racialized society and racial hierarchy. A close reading of Xs autobiography demonstrates that Malcolm X failed to incorporate the rights of women in dis description of an oppression culture. The necessary addition of women in Xs autobiography as an extension of Duboiss double consciousness allows a superior understanding of self-image and identity struggles minority groups in America face. Without this extension, not only woman, but all minority groups are ¦ Additionally, Xs autobiography implies a racial hierarchy as realizes the impossibility of being a lawyer, recognizes the wasted potential of his friends in Harlem and comments on the occupational limitations in Lansing. This addition is necessary in accurately understanding a racial hierarchy at the hands of white America.

The Division Of Law-making Powers In Australia - 1258 Words

Australia s Federal System is dynamic and the division of lawmaking power between the Commonwealth and State since 1901 has changed dramatically; Critically discuss, focussing on the major reasons for those changes. On the first of January 1901 Australia became a federation when the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act came into force. Since this time, Australia has been a federated country, consisting of a Commonwealth Parliament and six State Parliaments these being Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia, Queensland and South Australia. The Division of law-making power has changed considerably since 1901. The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (commonly known as the Constitution) gives the Commonwealth†¦show more content†¦Gaining financial dominance also meant that the Commonwealth had de facto control over residual areas, as it could determine how much money was to be spent on education etc. High Court interpretations of the Constitution have also played a vital role in the change of the division of lawmaking power. One example is the Franklin River Dam Case where the Tasmanian Government challenged the Commonwealth Parliament in the High Court over the validity of the World HeritageShow MoreRelatedThe Division and Separation of Power944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Division and Separation of power are essential to keep our societies rulers to have a restriction on their powers. The importance of each on the Australian domestic law especially in relation to the rule of law, and protecting individual rights, and the legal system. The difference between the division and separation of powers is small. The Division of power is one of the most important aspects of the Constitution. This role is dividing power between the state and Commonwealth parliaments. ThisRead MoreInternational Treatys826 Words   |  4 PagesAustralian Constitution and Global Links Assessment International treaties are a treaty that is made between at least two countries. When a treaty is signed it doesn’t have to be instantly initiated as law but is expected to be due to the signing of the treaty. The treaty process starts by the Cabinet deciding to enter into a treaty. 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Raul leoni Essay Example For Students

Raul leoni Essay Ral Leoni naci en Utapa (estado Bolvar), en 1905 y muri en Nueva York en 1972. Ral Leoni fue abogado y poltico venezolano, fue electo presidente de la Repblica de Venezuela en 1964 hasta 1969. A los 16 aos estuvo preso en la crcel de Rotunda por participar en la lucha estudiantil. Curs sus estudios de derecho en la Universidad Central donde alcanz la presidencia de la Federacin de Estudiantes de Venezuela y encabez las protestas de 1928 contra e rgimen de Juan Vicente Gmez, por sta razn tuvo que irse en 1928 de Venezuela a Colombia para un largo exilio, hasta 1936. Una vez muerto Gmez, regres Leoni a Venezuela, participando desde su llagada en las actividades de los sectores polticos de izquierda. En 1937 fue expulsado del pas junto a otros dirigentes polticos. Se dirigi a Colombia, donde continu sus estudios hasta graduarse en Derecho y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad de Bogot. En Junio de 1939 regres a Venezuela para incorporarse a la actividad clandestina del Partido Democrtic o Nacional (PDN). En 1941 particip en la fundacin del partido centrista Accin Democrtica, liderado por Rmulo Betancourt. Tras la revolucin de 1945 que derroc a Isaas Medina Angarita, a Leoni fue ministro de trabajo durante el gobierno de Rmulo Gallegos desde 1945 hasta 1948. En 1948 tuvo que exiliarse de nuevo por el golpe militar que derroc a Rmulo Gallegos y no pudo volver hasta que termin la dictadura de Marcos Prez Jimnez en 1958. El 1 de Diciembre de ese 1963 fue elegido presidente de la Repblica e inici su mandato en Marzo de 1964, continuando con la poltica econmica y social de su predecesor y maestro Rmulo Betancourt. Durante su gobierno tuvo que hacer frente a la intensificacin de la actividad guerrillera del FALN (Fuerzas Armadas de Liberacin Nacional), por lo que firm con el presidente colombiano Guillermo Len Valencia el pacto antiguerrillero de Ro Arauca en el ao 1966. Al siguiente ao en 1967 tuvo que suspender las garantas constitucionales y su partido sufri una divisi n que dio origen a un nuevo partido llamado MEP (Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo). En las elecciones de 1968, el candidato de su partido, Gonzalo Barrios, fue derrotado. En 1969 Ral Leoni traspas su poder al presidente electo Rafael Caldera. Bibliography:

Ancient Egypt Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt Between 3100 and 332 B.C was the rise and climax of one of the richest and oldest ancient civilizations. It's lifeline was the Nile river in the Nile valley. Here, Egyptian dynasties ruled from the first cataract of the Nile to the Mediterranean Sea. At the it's height it ruled an empire that reached from Syria in the east to Nubia in the south. In this report I will be covering the Archaic Period, the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom the New Kingdom and The Late Period or 3100-332 B.C. Archaic Period: 3100 B.C to 2750 B.C There long history began with there first King who began the first Egyptian dynasty. In 3100 B.C Pharaoh Menes united upper and lower Egypt. Making Egypt's first empire. In doing so, he made the Egyptian double crown. It was made by putting the red crown of Lower Egypt on top of the white crown of upper Egypt. Menes ruled from the ancient city of Thinis near Abydos. Under his reign the first hieroglyphic writing was made. He is also credited with making his empire interdependent. Old Kingdom: 2750 B.C to 2181 B.C / First Intermediate Period: 2182-2260 Little is known about Menes successors until the reign of Zoser at the end of the 3rd dynasty. His capital was located at Memphis on the Nile's west bank. He built the world's first pyramid and the first building of that size to be entirely made of stone. Even though it was a pyramid it wasn't a true pyramid, but a step pyramid. After the reign of the last king of the Sixth dynasty (the last dynasty in the old kingdom.) Pepi II in 2181 B.C, there was a period of crisis and social upheaval known as the First Intermediate Period. The reasons leading up to this dark time, was a series of low floods and the result was famine during the Sixth dynasty. This undermined the stability of Egypt and provoked rebellion. What followed put Egypt in rapid decline. With no central power the provinces became independent states the were often at war with each other. To make the situation worse was a penetration of nomadic foreigners into the delta region of the Nile Valley. Middle Kingdom: 2061-1784 B.C/Second Intermediate Period 1633-1570 B.C The accession in 2060 B.C. of Mentuhotep II of Thebes the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, ended 90 years of conflict with a dynasty established a Herakleopolis, south of Memphis. This strong Eleventh Dynasty ruler restored order in Egypt. He drove the Asiatics from the delta and campaigned against the Libyans and nomadic tribes in the Sinai and the eastern desert. Trade also expanded to Nubia, Syria and Palestine under his reign. Mentuhotep II reigned for 50 years and was buried at Deir el-Bahri. Under the reign of Sesostris II (1897-1878 B.C) huge irrigation works were built at the oasis at Faiyum. Sesostris III (1878-1843) expanded Egypt's southern border to the second cataract. At such times of powerful rulers, Egypt was governed by an efficient administration. Taxation provided much of the wealth and was carefully organized. A census of fields and of all cattle was taken every two years. In addition to tax calculation and collection, another important official function was the building up reserves of grain stocks to prevent famine after a bad harvest. The state controlled all foreign trade and owned the mines and quarries. After the end of the Thirteenth Dynasty in 1633 B.C Egypt fell into another period of decline known as the second intermediate period. During this period Egypt was divided into four areas: the southern area ruled by 17th dynasty Theban rulers, the central area that owed allegiance to Thebes, the 15th and 16th dynasties or the Hyksos that ruled most of the delta and the 14th dynasty that ruled a small are in the delta. The Hyksos identity is not known and there was no evidence that they invaded Egypt. This suggest that there takeover was peaceful as a result of their increased population in the delta. During the middle kingdom the Hyksos were employed by the state of Egypt to mine in the Sinai mines and in Egypt itself. Later their population in the delta was so large that it was larger than the Egyptian population the delta, so this was the probable cause of there takeover. The Hyksos rule over Egypt was very unpopular with the people of Egypt and according to tradition Hyksos were an anarchy, who were accused of

Strategic Analysis (SWOT and BCG Matrix) of Apple Inc The WritePass Journal

Strategic Analysis (SWOT and BCG Matrix) of Apple Inc Introduction Strategic Analysis (SWOT and BCG Matrix) of Apple Inc IntroductionWhat is Strategic Management?Definition:  Strategy Formulation:Strategy Implementation:Strategy evaluation:History Apple Inc:Vision Statement of Apple:Explanation of Vision Statement:Mission Statement of Apple:SWOT Analysis of Apple Inc:Apple SWOT AnalysisStrength:Weaknesses:Opportunities:Threats:BCG Model:RECOMMENDATIONS:FOR COMPANY:FOR OTHERS:CONCLUSIONRelated Introduction In this project I am going to describe the Strategic and Marketing Plan of Apple Inc, Which is the biggest consumer electronics provider in the world. It provides wide range of consumer electronics in the market like MAC computers, IPOD, I Phone, LAPTOP, IPAD.   It has about 49,400 employs and over 240 Retails Store all around the world wide out of it 218 are in US and 24 in UK rest in other countries. I personally think that before studying the strategy of any organization we need to understand the basic of Strategic Management like What Strategic Management is? What is Strategic Management? Strategic Management is nothing else but plans defined by the management of an organization to achieve a long term goals which are predefined and monitored towards reaching the organization’s goal. The steps that are taken till now are being monitored to make sure that they have been carried out in the most efficient manner possible to achieve organizational predefined goal as described in the mission statement  which directs the  strategic management  process. Definition:   â€Å"The on-going process of formulating, implementing and controlling broad plans guide the organizational in achieving the strategic goods given to its internal and external environment† This is an ongoing process which keeps changing according to the circumstances and requirements of the internal and external environments but it keeps moving towards to achieve its predefined organizational goal. Strategic Management is comprised of its three main processes which manager of an organization has been familiar with. These Processes are as given below. Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy Evaluation Strategy Formulation: Strategy formulation means a strategy formulate to execute the business activities. Strategy formulation Includes developing:- Vision and Mission (The target of the business) Strength and weakness (Strong points of business and also weaknesses) Opportunities and threats (These are related with external environment or   the business) Strategy formulation is also concerned about setting  long term goals and objectives, generating alternative strategies to achieve that long term goals and choosing particular strategy to pursue. The considerations for the best strategy formulation should be as follows: Allocation of resources Business to enter or retain Business to divest or liquidate Joint ventures or mergers Whether to expand or not Moving into foreign markets Trying to avoid take over Strategy Implementation: Strategy implementation requires a firm to establish annual objectives, devise policies, motivating employees and allocate resources so that formulated strategies can be executed. Strategy implementation includes developing strategy supportive culture, creating an effective organizational structure, redirecting marketing efforts, preparing budgets, developing and utilizing information system and linking employee compensation to organizational performance. Strategy implementation is often called the action stage of strategic management. Implementing means mobilizing employees and managers in order to put formulated strategies into action. It is often considered to be most difficult stage of strategic management. It requires personal discipline, commitment and sacrifice. Strategy formulated but not implemented serve no useful purpose. Strategy evaluation: Strategy evaluation is the final stage in the strategic management process. Management desperately needs to know when particular strategies are not working well; strategy evaluation is the primary means for obtaining this information. All strategies are subject to future modification because external and internal forces are constantly changing. History Apple Inc: Apple Inc formerly known as Apple Computer Inc which provides corporate Server, MAC OS Systems and   Operating System.   Apples core product lines are the iPhone, iPod and Macintosh System. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozaniak, The founder of Apple has created the Apple Computer on 1st April 1976 and integrated in the company on 3rd January 1977, in Cupertino California. It has driven the Computer manufacturing market for more than two decades. Mr. Steve Jobs who was expelled in 1985 was return as CEO of the APPLE Inc in 1996 with new Ideas and corporate philosophy. With introduction of successful IPod Player in to 2001 Apple has again proved itself as a Market leader in consumer electronics.   Latest era of extraordinary success of the company is in iOS based Apple products like I Phone, IPod slim, I Pad and now I Pad 2. Now a day’s Apple is a biggest technology corporation in the planet with the profits of more than $65 billion. It has about 49,400 employs all over the world. Fortune Magazine most Admired company in United State in 2008 and in the world in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Apple has over 240 Store all over the world and the bifurcation of these store in different countries are as below. Vision Statement of Apple: Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. Explanation of Vision Statement: Apple lives this vision through the technologies it develops for consumers and corporations. It strives to make its customers masters of the products they have bought. Apple doesn’t simply make a statement. It lives it by ensuring that its employees understand the vision and strive to reach it. It has put systems in place to enable smooth customer interaction. It has put objectives in place to continuously move forward; implemented strategies to fulfil these objectives; and ensured that the right marketing, financial and operational structures are in place to apply the strategies. Mission Statement of Apple: â€Å"Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings.† corporate-ir.net/ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=aaplscript=1800layout=7#corpinfo2 SWOT Analysis of Apple Inc: Although participation in such activities may add value, they may not be a source of competitive advantage. Ultimately, the value, rarity, inimitability, and/or organization (VRIO) of an activity or resource determine its sustainability as a source of competitive advantage. Within this context, we can identify a firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). In SWOT analysis Strength and Weaknesses are depends on Internal factors and Opportunities and Threats Depends on External Factors of and Organization. SWOT analysis is useful in decision making about the organization going for any new or existing project. Apple SWOT Analysis Strength: iTunes Music Store is a excellent source of revenue, especially with the iPod and the accessibility on Windows platform. Apple Computer are expert in  Developing own software and hardware. Apple’s niche audience provides the company with some lagging from the direct price  competition. Giving a  face-lift  to desktop and notebook lines.   technology can be used to improve product awareness and sales. Low debt- more maneuverable. Apple Computers have good brand loyalty. Partnership with Intel Computers in 2006 – Present. Strong Research   Development  Department. Weaknesses: Weak relationship with Intel and Microsoft. Weak presence in business arena. The product  life cycle  of Apple products are very small for that reasons revenues are more depend on launch of new products and   services. Weak presence in markets other than education and publishing. Slow turn around on high demand products. Apples market share is far behind from major competitor Microsoft. In past the relationship between Steve  jobs  and employee were not good which result in reputation loss. Opportunities: Increase in  worms and viruses  on PCs so the  antivirus solution  can be developed by Apple Large population (Gen XY) which are extremely individualistic and name brand conscious.   The ties of apple other companies are weak, Apple can develop good relationship for joint ventures Downloadable music and MP3 players are highly marketable. The  online sales  of computer are increasing with rapid speed. The laptop market growth is high; Apple Computers should focus to develop new models to cater the need of customers. Threats: Companies not seeing Apple as compatible with their software. Apple   facing strong  competition  from Dell, HP, Sony and Toshiba in laptop segment. Downloading free music from other online source without paying cost is common it may impact the iTunes sales. Apple software, Cell phone and hardware are expensive as compared to other competitors such as Dell. The  long lasting  recession may impact the sales of the company due to higher prices of the products and services Microsoft launched Microsoft Vista, Windows 7 which is gaining market share. The switching in technology is very fast BCG Model: Boston Cusnsulting Group (BCG) model is a technique developed by BRUCE HENDERSON of the Boston Cunsulting Group in early 1970’s. According to this technique businesses or products are classified as low or high performers depending upon their market growth rate and relative market share. It is very useful tool to identify the product line of an organization. BCG model classified in four main. 1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Star   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.)   Cash Cow   Ã‚  Ã‚   3.)   Question Mark   Ã‚   4.) Dog                                                                                                                                          Ã‚   RECOMMENDATIONS: FOR COMPANY: Lowering the cost of products and maintaining the same quality standards Can form joint – ventures Knowledge Management More number of retail stores for easy access Continuous innovation to expand FOR OTHERS: Does not compromise on price for quality Choose the products based on individual needs Be unique and different    CONCLUSION I feel that Apple must focus on several key aspects to continue to grow and succeed. They must continue a stable commitment to licensing, push for economies of scope between media and computers, and become a learning organization. Apple apparently made a commitment to licensing. Although it should continue, Apple may want to consider other forms of strategic alliances. An equity strategic alliance may offer Apple the opportunity to obtain additional competencies. An effective way for a company like Apple to accomplish this would be in the form of a joint venture. Apple should continue pushing the new line of media-centric products. Meanwhile, Apple should not lose focus on its computers. Macintosh computers were 39% of Apple’s sales in 2005. (Burrows)This very innovative company exploits its second-mover position. In the future, they will need to continue innovating to expand the boundaries of both media and  computers

Summary of research article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of research article - Essay Example There is dire need to investigate the widespread and misleading conceptions regarding the adolescent life. Talai has carried out a research along with Kelvin Barclay and Kathleen Foley at the Park Royal School and the Royal Haven School in Quebec. The research was meant to study the nature and significance of friendship in the life of an adolescent as it is in the Western culture. Amit-Talai has emphasized that the friendship’s nature in the life of an adolescent reflects in his/her friendship as an adult, which adds to its value. Amit-Talai asserts that various social and psychological factors that exist in the life of an adolescent influence the nature of friendship he/she enters into. It is quite common for the students to encounter a lot of changes when they are in the phase of secondary school. The onset of puberty inculcates drastic changes in the nature and attitude of both genders, on the physiological part. On the sociological part, adolescents assume much more respon sibilities in school and home and also, in the workplace occasionally. The adolescents also experience a shift in their relationships with their peers when they enter their puberty and gain the sense of sexuality. A vast majority of students feel a change in their learning tendency and the environment as well. Many families change their residence as the children move from childhood to adolescence. The change of location causes the adolescents to change their schools. However, it must be noted that the physiological and sociological changes brought about by the adolescence are not the only factors that play a decisive role in determining the structure of an adolescent friendship. After conducting the research, Amit-Talai found that the rules in both the Quebec secondary schools that were involved in the study were too strict to allow the students time to socialize in an informal manner in their private lives. Such a lack of time to promote intimate informal relationships in the life of an adolescent significantly declines his/her tendency to maintain a healthy friendship, though the lack of time does not completely eradicate the friendship at all. According to Paine (cited in Amit-Talai 235), friendship is a â€Å"dyadic, confidential and personal relationship†. There is a category of friends called as â€Å"just friends† that are indeed, the â€Å"â€Å"purest† form of friendships, voluntary and operating outside of any specific context, with no structural or cultural supports†. (Fischer 108 cited in Amit-Talai 235). However, the secondary students studied by Amit-Talai in her research express a blurred relationship of friendship in the sociological context. It is commonly thought of adolescents that their life is full of leisure as compared to that of the adults. Amit-Talai says that there is no doubt in the fact that many adolescents do not work and only study, yet the school and related activities like homework consume a major po rtion of their time. â€Å"Adolescents who are not at work do not necessarily have more â€Å"free time† as a result† (Amit-Talai 237). Amit-Talai has also noticed a manifold increase in the number of working students in the secondary schools in Quebec since early 1975. In order to entertain their social concerns, many secondary school students work along with their studies. Such social concerns include but are not limited to shopping, outing

Management Issues Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Issues - Coursework Example A. We use value chain management concepts in our daily life in various capacities. As an employee, we use computer aided programs to save time, plan and ensure that we meet deadlines. We improve the progress through skill enhancement programs, motivating our workers, staying abreast of the latest developments, and trying innovative ideas. MANAGEMENT ISSUES 3 Being process-oriented instead of result oriented, continuous improvement focuses on all activities leading to customer satisfaction and helps in achieving a competitive edge. Q5. Choose some large organisation that you are interested in studying. Research this company to find out what types of operations management strategies it is using. Focus on describing what it is doing that is unusual or effective or both. A. I have chosen Toyota motors for the study. The unusual and effective strategies include adapting lean manufacturing system not only by minimising the plans and inventories but also making the operations more simple, visible and flexible. The company has blended total quality and total people involvement with JIT system. With the introduction of Kanban (card) system for accepting the order at subsequent assembly line, bottlenecks are identified without delays thereby achieving continuous improvement and waste elimination. Allowing the supplier to have an input has developed trust and better think

Research Design in Geography

Research Design in Geography With the ever-growing expansion of global knowledge geographers like many other scientists both human and physical have begin to face an â€Å"information explosion† (Ebdon, 1985). The readily available written information and numerical data today is increasing at an accelerating rate. This has lead to the necessity for summaries of these large data sets showing the concise measurements of their attributes. Human and physical geography can be seen as two different disciplines one been primarily focussed on qualitative data and one quantitative data respectively; both been equally reliant and interested within secondary data sources. The contention as to why this is the case is outlined below. It can be noted that secondary data within the research discipline may be defined as â€Å"data which has not been collected with the specific research question in mind† (Emanuel and Egenvall, 2014). It can be seen as data which has previously been collected by somebody else however is effortlessly available; Secondary data was once a branch of primary data (Vartanian, 2010). It is seen as common source for academic disciplines to use within research projects either been obtained from quantitative or qualitative sources. Secondary data as an aspect of scientific disciplines has come about due to the global widespread transition from paper to digital (Gomez and Jones, 2010). Nowadays datasets can be created, analysed and distributed worldwide digitally. Digital secondary data is often structured within databases and organised as tables which can be analysed. An example of this is weather records available online within the NOAA – National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC) whereby annual to daily summaries are available as structured datasets. This climatic data online provides free accessible archives of global historical weather and climatic data addressing all variables. Compared to many other scientific disciplines geographers use a great deal of secondary data because of the numerous types of data available within geographic research (Montello and Sutton, 2006). Maps as a branch of secondary data support the basis of physical geographer’s research; there involvement in the environmental features, factors and processes which coalesce together to make a place unique. With the earth’s features and landscapes ever-changing in a spatial context maps allow geographer’s to study and monitor landscape change over time (Gabler et al, 2008). Climatologists are interested in weather maps as they show where and how weather elements change daily, over the seasons and yearly. This allows for predictions and management in areas which may be susceptible to high levels of rainfall, such as south West England; whereas Geomorphologists look at the study of the topography within a given area. Using maps physical geographers apply their knowledge they discover from the study of the earth; the observation of phenomena and compilation of data to seek solutions to the global issues to which they are interested in. Geographic Maps are readily av ailable at (Digi-map) ordinance survey map data on Edina Maps; an example of a historic map can be found at Physical geographers and other scientists work to describe and analyse the often complex features of planet earth and its environments by composing representations of the real world; models. A model is a simplified version of a more complex reality that allows for prediction; each model is designed with a specific purpose in mind. This is evident in Pacione (2001) with the idea of the concentric zone model and the multiple nuclei model in order to explain the spatial structure of the urban economy. A map is a branch of model as it shows a representation providing useful information required to meet specific needs. Maps are seen as a pictorial model (Gabler et al, 2008) and are used because they are efficient in conveying a great amount of spatial information that is easily recognisable. Likewise maps not only show spatial information and data but they also show essential information about the map itself which is interesting to geographers; the legend, scale and direction. A more recent approach since the 1990’s is the use of geographic information systems and aerial remote sensing as a branch of mapping. Initially geographers used maps achieved by producing a transparent overlay for each data set at a common scale, aligning overlays so that their co-ordinates corresponded and then drawing a new overlay showing for instance how rock types and soils interrelate (Freeman et al, 1993). However the more data there is to analyse the more complex the map becomes as a piece of secondary data. Therefore large complex data sets require the use of computer software designed to manipulate spatial data. This computer based technology assists the large geographic data derived from numerous digital map layers (composed of thematic maps) enabling geographers to address global problems that require large amounts of spatial data from a variety of sources (Gabler et al, 2008). Figure 1shows the clear procedure in order to use GIS to create secondary data. As Moran (1975) states though it is not just geography using such tool, statistical analysis with maps is of course important in all other sciences such as geology, epidemiology and geophysics. An example of this is the work been done on the small scale geographical distribution of cases of tuberculosis, cancer and leukaemia (Moran, 1975). This is done to see if there is evidence of clustering; which may give light on the causation of such diseases. Within the geographic discipline the common term secondary data refers to the relatively large databases those individual researchers would not be able to produce; for example census data, newspaper archives, satellite imagery or resource inventories. Secondary data is an important aspect in all geographic literature because it can be analysed in order demonstrate a depth of relationship between variables to show an underlying trend. Geographers use secondary data because it provides an alternative to the collection of primary data which in turn often gives the researcher access to more information than would be available (Vartanian, 2010). Figure 2 shows just a sample of large datasets available on Income Inequality as a branch of human geography. Archives are seen as another branch of secondary data whereby the use of existing records that others have collected primarily for non-research purposes such as financial reports, birth and death records, newspaper stories, diaries or letters. These could be seen as more beneficial to human geographers as they are qualitative data. A recent approach and use of secondary data is the use of personal solicited diaries as a qualitative method of research within social geography. In Meth (2003) diaries were used with women from South Africa who recorded their experiences of violence over a one month period. Within the article it shows that solicited diaries can contribute towards a feminist analysis of social processes similarly within human geography diaries can promote participation and engagement by respondents in the research process. This use of secondary data is also present in the recent study into the everyday geographies into the heterosexual love and home by Morrison (2012). Within this study solicited diaries are seen to provide participants with a sense of emotional reflection and they can allow researchers to access this knowledge which may not have been opened if another data collection method was used. However as Morrison (2012) states diaries offer â€Å"momentariness† research and cannot alwa ys be compared to everyday life. Compared to many other scientific disciplines, both human and physical geographers use a great deal of secondary data (Montello Sutton, 2006). Geographers can often be seen to study phenomena at large spatial and temporal scales where it can be seen as too difficult and upscale to collect data oneself. Likewise the idea that secondary data is not intended for ones research often inspires a geographers’ research area. As Montello Sutton (2006) found, much geographic research is that analysts study problems at the examination scale of such available dataset, which is often not the scale at which the phenomena operates. The primary reason for the use of secondary data is its availability; it is evident that there are thousands accessible in a myriad of places (Vartanian, 2010). This availability in such increasing amounts is due to the digitalization of many records. For human geographers the uttermost used source of secondary data is the population census (Flowerdew and Martin, 2013); which is produced in the UK every 10 years by the office of National Statistics (ONS). This in-depth data analysis provides demographic statistics but also details on education, transport, work and housing. Census data is available publicly online at no cost and is available globally; facilitating their use as an exploratory first step within a research project opposed to primary research within the same research area (Gomez and Jones, 2010). This approach is seen as more efficient in respect to time and cost in comparison to primary data collection. However it has become apparent that a large gap exists in the relati ve abilities of the rich and the poor countries to produce and control digital secondary datasets. However Gomez and Jones (2010) have seen the global south trying to narrow the digital divide by governmental projects in-order to create their own data collection. As geographers it is clear that the growing accessibility of digitalised data is related to the growth of geomatic technologies. Emanuelson and Egenvall (2014) address the issue of time and cost; it is apparent that secondary data is cheaper and more readily available than primary data. Due to this the ability to gain large samples of data is seen more apparent likewise the chance to limit selection bias due to been able to sample a large part of the population. Primary data can be affected by specific biases such as recall and non-response. Secondary data is less likely to be affected by these biases due to the data been collected for another research question in mind. Questions should still be considered in secondary data such as how representative is the data, reliability and completeness of data to ensure validity. The data should be validated in the same way (i.e. Identification of non normal observations and internal validity). Reliability and validity are important questions within research as this offers consistency of results under repeatability conditions and offers a â€Å"truth-value of researchâ €  (Montello and Sutton, 2013). The legitimacy of secondary data is carried by the organised order making it well suited for many types of quantitative or statistical analysis. Likewise secondary data is commonly produced by trained professionals who pre-test the questions and verify categories in order to produce standard and comparable information, both across time and space (Gomez, 2010). Most importantly the professional systems of collection assembly, storage and retrieval that constitute secondary data confer legitimacy that is widely recognised and works to empower such data and make it rhetorically convincing. Secondary data can arguably be involved within geography due to the â€Å"Quantitative Revolution†; a term used by Davies (1972) as an aspect of one of the four major turning points within modern geography. This revolution occurred during the 1950’s and 1960’s highlighting a method of change behind geographical research; a launch from geography been a regional finding based research to a spatial science (Davies, 1972). The idea of secondary data been incorporated into the discipline meant that there was a movement from descriptive to scientific. As Davies (1972) states there is a still a divide between human and physical geography as it can be seen that physical has developed this â€Å"quantitative revolution† further causing a general talk of human geography becoming its own independent subject. The revolution itself is the basis for geography using secondary data today due to its creation of dynamism, self-insurance and a reassertion of scientific princ iples (Newby, 1980). This introduction of â€Å"scientific thinking† (Davies, 1972) engaged the geographic discipline into the solution for spatial, social and environmental global problems. By turning an introspective subject into an actively concerned discipline interested in the relationship it has with alternative global topics. Throughout physical geography the growth in analysis has not only been linked to but also related to the change in content and focus of enquiry. An example of this is the growing use of systems and modelling approach in Geomorphology (Chorley, 1962) and the rapid expansion of technology allowing secondary data to be widely available. In human geography the beginning of quantitative techniques and the associated philosophical implications of a positivist approach led to change from 1965-75 (Gregory, 1983); arguably a decade later than physical geography. Urban geography experienced a drastic shift from an urban land use approach to quantitatively based studies of spatial urban and economic structures. This need for statistics within all aspects of geography was made clear by Wilson and Kirkby (1975) nevertheless some British Geographers are overlooking aspects which need real mathematical competence. It has become clear that secondary datasets have become an important role in economic research due to the expansion of availability of datasets. Within human geography and economics international agencies such as the World Bank and the United Nations (UN) since the 1990’s have expanded its data sets, as for years have published income distribution data in its annual world development report. Advancements within these data sets are enabling a greater scale and distribution (Atkinson and Brandolini, 2001). An example of this can be seen by the data sets constructed by Klaus Deininger and Lyn Squire (1996) and the world income inequality database (WIID). Alongside the expansion of research it can be noted that research has changed over time. This is displayed in the Social Service Review (SSR) during 1980 and 2007. In 1980 six main articles or notes used some form of secondary data either administrative or survey data whereas in 2007 it was twenty-two used articles published. Vartanian (2010 argues this is only a snapshot of a trend based on one elite social work journal; However secondary data is becoming increasingly important. Statistical data is an important aspect of geography as it offers credibility to an argument or advice. Moran (1975) claims that statistical geography bears the same relation to geography that econometrics do to economics. Statistics are present in all academic journals and are constantly been generated by governmental organisations in-order to generate spatial trends. Governmental run datasets such as national statistics online, the UK population census and GEsource, all offer data which can be found across most countries and can usually be disaggregated to quite small areas such as administrative and political divisions; which are popular amongst geographers (Flowerdew and Martin, 2013). Moran (1975) discovers that a great deal of statistical geography appears to be more descriptive than explanatory. The most common use of statistics in the UK by human geographers is the population census data. A geographic use of this is using census data to look at migration and morbidity in Bentham, G, (1988). Census data is an official complete collection of data from the population with details as to age, sex and occupation and renewed every 10 years. Bentham, G (1988) looks at the association between the geographical pattern of disease and possible casual factors; looking at the 1981 GB Census data. Self-reported morbidity statistics are used; displaying that the health status of migrants differs noticeably from that of non-migrants. Similarly Mesev, V (1998) uses census data within urban image classification. Mesev looks at a monitored classification strategy containing a group of techniques that allow the connecting of urban land cover from remotely sensed data with urban functional characteristics from the population census data. However statistical data should not bind us solely to secondary data; in addition there are administrative reports, business records, diaries, newspapers and maps. As with any form of methodology disadvantages are there; secondary data can be argued to have a lack of control (Vartanian, 2010). It can be said to have a lack of control over the framing and wording of survey items and that the questions important to your studied may not be included in such data. Likewise subtleties matter a great deal in research and secondary data can be argued to get broader and not answer the research question in the direct research title. Similarly Emanuelson and Egenvall (2014) consider that there is no control over the information what is included in datasets which have already been produced therefore impossible to validate. Moreover ecological fallacy and modifiable area unit problem can be an issue within secondary data; the assumption that all individuals in a group share the average characteri stics of that group and those trends within data are based upon existing boundaries that are unrelated to the phenomena in question. Secondary data will remain important to geographic research as a primary source of information to a growing number of data intensive applications. Using secondary data clearly gives the researchers important advantages such as data coverage, quality and costs as well as the ability to analyse phenomena that otherwise may be impossible such as analysis of populations at a global scale. It can be argued that â€Å"Data† refers to a body of information in numerical form therefore it can be argued that it is hard to categorise data as uniquely geographical except perhaps data which concerns the spatial characteristics of places and areas (Ebdon, 1985). GIS as a branch of mapping is seen as one of the basic uses of secondary data within physical geography due to its ability to provide an important route to enquiry enabling exploration and integration of geographical data (Freeman et al, 1993). Within the immediate future physical geographers have no sign of movement away from the statistical analysis and the importance of using secondary data and mathematical modelling is more likely to grow opposed to contract. Whereas within human geography the future is less clear; the positivist view point is being challenged leading to a number of coexisting approaches. Nonetheless according the Institute of British Geographers for the future â€Å"the numbers game is far from over† (Newby, 1980) and this analogy can be applied to many scientific disciplines.

A Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Research Essay -- Article Analysis

Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007). Qualitative research is regarded as an inductive process, which within natural settings attempts to produce insights on the subjective experiences, meanings, practices and point of views of those involved (Craig & Smyth, 2007). The aim here was to investigate factors influencing the communication styles used by the radiographers, therefore, allowing a better understanding to patient-centred care within diagnostic radiography. The title was well formulated and unambiguous, however, why a more precise title of "diagnostic radiographer-patient relationship" was not selected is unclear as the study incorporated diagnostic radiographers only (Dawson, 2002). The article had appropriate citations except the researcher's qualification and designation, which otherwise indicate the degree of knowledge in the field (Ryan et al, 2007). Included was the 'Keyword' section facilitating retrieving of the search by those interested (Hart, 2001). Its publication in a peer-reviewed journal allowed scrutiny from suitable experts, thus making more valid and original. In contrast, to a non peer-reviewed journal where high chances of information being flawed cannot be denied (Holloway & Wheeler, 2002)? Losing the relevance of the information was not a threat as it was published within the optimum time (Hart, 2001). Abstract is a condensed version of the full report; this was well formulated by using headings instead of single paragraph style, thus looked uncluttered (Macnee, 2004). The purpose had c... ...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation ï‚ ¯Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007). Works Cited Ryan, F., Couglan, M. & Cronin, P. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2: qualitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(12), 738-744.

Environmental Science Worksheet Essay

1. What would you include in a brief summary on the history of the environmental movement? The environmental movement is closely related with the appearance of environmental awareness. Before 1960, very few people knew the term ecology. Environmental concerns were absent in the political and social spheres. However, a groundbreaking book by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, was published in 1960 and large numbers of people became aware of the consequences of humans’ encroachment upon the nature in terms of the use of highly toxic chemicals like the DDT. Again in this period, various environmental events like oil spills, news about the possible extinction of several species have also helped create an awareness of the issue (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 1). People were divided into two camps: environmentalists (those having dismal views that life on earth is in peril) and anti- environmentalists (those opposing the environmentalists and saying science and progress are necessary for humans). Today we have overcome this either-or dichotomy and understood that science and progress do not need to be poised against the environment. Environment can be protected while industrialization and progress are maintained. Clean energy, new environmental regulations, and energy-efficiency are belied to help humans protect the nature. 2. Explain the main point concerning exponential growth and whether it is good or bad. Compare exponential growth to a logistic growth curve and explain how these might apply to human population growth. What promotes exponential growth? What constrains population growth? Exponential growth is occurs when a population increases by a fixed percentage every year. Exponential growth is encouraged in the nature when a species is introduced to a new environment or when the population of a species is small and environmental conditions are suitable for the species. However, exponential growth does not last long in the nature. Exponential growth is bad since continuously high reproduction rate for a species places extreme pressure on ecosystems. Logistic growth curve explains how exponential growth is stopped by limiting factors like natural resources. A population might grow sharply at the beginning but as the limiting factors (like water, space, food, predators, and disease) come into play, the growth levels off (Withgott & Brennan, 2009, p. 85). As for human population, exponential growth is promoted by new medicines that staved off many diseases, dependable supply of food all around the year through scientific agriculture involving artificial fertilizers, and the eradication of predators. As for the limiting factors, lack of urban space, collapse of habitats supporting human life, war, occasional epidemics (like AIDS or flu), and declining fertility of overused agricultural areas are all serious obstacles to higher population growth. 3.Compare predictions for human population growth in developed countries versus developing countries. Why is it difficult to predict the growth of Earth’s human population? Why should population growth be predicted?†? What will happen if there is exponential human growth? Human population and its dynamics have very important implications for the nature. Exponential human growth would have disastrous effects on the nature because a larger population means greater need for space (and hence, enlargement of cities into virgin territories), for food (turning more virgin territory into agricultural lands), for water (diverting more water resources into cities for human use and endangering animals and plants). So, population growth should be predicted to better reconcile the future needs with the necessity of protecting nature. Population predictions allow decision makers to make adjustments. Healthcare system, education, national security, and economics are the main areas that population predictions affect. Population growth predictions for developed and developing countries differ widely. This is due to the so-called demographic transition. In an underdeveloped country, birth and death rates are high and the actual population growth is low. However, industrialization leads to improvement in health and death rates decrease as a result while birth rate is still high. Then, at the next stage, a high growth rate is maintained. But education and material welfare increase and family-planning methods are widely adopted. Consequently, birth rate decreases and nears the death rate. A zero growth rate occurs. Developed nations like the US, Germany, and Japan are at the furthest stage of population growth while developing nations experience declining death rates and still increasing birth rates. It is difficult to predict the growth of Earth’s human population because there is always the possibility of a natural disaster, and it is not certain whether some developing nations can arrive at zero-growth stage before facing catastrophic circumstances (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 4). 4. How do principles of system theory apply to the Earth as a living system? Explain interactions between humans and natural ecosystems. The system theory and especially the Gaia Hypothesis see the Earth as a living system. According to this hypothesis, life changes the environment for the continuation of life. Hence the conclusion is the Earth can achieve physiological self†regulation. The principles of the system theory can be summed as follows: systems respond to inputs and outputs through the feedback mechanism. Positive feedback hurts the balance while negative feedback promotes stability. Relations between inputs and outputs of systems can be various: linear, exponential, or defined by a logistic curve. The so-called principle of environmental unity basically holds that every component of the environment affects another component. According to the principle of uniformitarian’s, we can forecast environmental conditions in the future by looking at the past and present trends. Change in the nature can be slow, rapid, sudden or expected. Interactions between humans and natural ecosystems occur can be explained through all these principles (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 3).

Pride And Prejudice Essay - 1074 Words

Pride and Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice Austen offers up commentary on a variety of themes — prejudice, family, marriage, class, and so on. Of all the themes, perhaps none is better developed than that of Pride. Pride and Prejudice is regarded as a brilliant piece of social commentary, offering a vivid peek into the British Regency life in 1813. The social milieu of Austen’s Regency England was particularly stratified, and class divisions were rooted in family connections and wealth. In her work, Austen is often critical of the assumptions, pride, and prejudices of upper-class England. Austen often satirizes England’s prideful individuals; the England she depicts is one in which social mobility is limited, and class-consciousness and†¦show more content†¦He reflects later on why he was that way: I was spoiled by my parents, who though good themselves . . . allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing . . . to think meanly of all the rest of the wor ld. In the end, Darcy and Elizabeth’s later realization of a mutual love infers that with the proper moral upbringing one may overcome pride to lead a life of decency and kindness. The subsequent marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth shows that class restrictions, while rigid, do not determine one’s character and that love can overcome all obstacles, including class and pride. After all, it is the anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better, more priding social relationships, that seem to be interfering with the workings of love. Furthermore, not only does Austen’s novel display an ambiguity about emotion as a result of pride, but also exhibits an appreciation for wealth and pride, which is characterized by Darcy. In its awareness of the conditions of modernity and city life and the consequences for family structure and individual characters, the novel prefigures much Victorian literature as does the authors’ use of such elements as many formal social gatherings and rather flawed, prideful characters. The theme of pride is developed by the class consciousness of the characters throughout Pride and Prejudice. Darcy’sShow MoreRelated Essay on Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice1535 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any literary work the title and introduction make at least some allusion to the important events of the novel. With Pride and Prejudice, Austen takes this convention to the extreme, designing all of the first and some of the second half of the novel after the title and the first sentence. 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